基于ANFIS改进的大气腐蚀环境缺失数据填补方法

目的针对大气腐蚀中重要环境数据缺失的复杂问题,提出一种相关因素(Relevance Factors)和自适应神经模糊推理系统(Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System)结合的方法(RF-ANFIS)对缺失数据进行填补。方法首先采用相关因素方法计算缺失数据和多项环境因素间的相关程度,筛选出相关系数较大的因子,然后应用ANFIS构建缺失数据与所选环境因子的关系模型。最后以二氧化硫数据为具体对象,采用北京2015年的气象数据对所建立的模型进行检验。结果经过改进的RF-ANFIS模型在最优情况下样本均方误差为0.696,在14个测试样本中有13个相对误差在20%以内,针对有限样本的数据分析中更为适用。结论该方法有效提高了大气腐蚀环境数据缺失的填补精度,对在数据缺失情况下预测大气腐蚀速率具有重要意义。     

水质自动监测站数据质控研究

随着环境监测技术的不断发展,水质自动监测以其高效、精确、连续监测等诸多优点,正逐步成为当今水环境监测的主流.然而中国水质自动监测技术起步较晚,且涉及的领域较多,很多关于水质自动站数据质控的相关标准不能及时出台,而且各个地方的河流分布、水文情况及水质自动站建设情况都不尽相同,这就需要对原有的手工监测标准进行比较和分析,同时结合对水质自动站运维管理的经验,找出适合目前水质自动站运行管理的质控手段.     

环境空气质量新标准对博罗县空气质量评价结果的影响

利用博罗县城自动监测站2015年的环境空气自动监测数据,分析了实施《环境空气质量标准》(GB3095-2012)对博罗县城空气质量评价的影响.研究发现,若采用新标准,博罗县城空气中PM2.5和O3将出现不同程度的超标,达标率从99.4％下降到88.5％;PM2.5和O3的纳入是导致空气质量达标率下降的最主要原因,NO2标准的收严和CO的纳入未对博罗县城空气质量评价造成影响.     

基于博弈论的环保数据质量影响因素分析研究

污染源产排污数据是一切环保工作的基础,确保真实可信具有十分重要的意义.为此,分析了影响污染源产排污数据质量的主要因素:受经济利益驱动的自身因素;受政绩利益驱动的管理因素和受地方保护驱动的政府因素等.在新环保法未得到充分贯彻,排污单位、环保主管部门和地方政府三者违法成本均低于守法成本的条件下,以博奕论为分析工具讨论了三种影响因素产生负面作用的必然性,并根据分析结果针对性地提出了提高数据质量的应对策略.     

贵州省闪电定位资料中小幅值地闪范围研究

采用2006—2015年贵州省ADTD闪电定位资料,应用Matlab软件中的曲线拟合工具箱对数据进行对数正态分布拟合,利用非参数正态分布检验中的Kolmogorov—Smirnov检验方法(简称K-S检验方法)分析各区间拟合效果,最终确定贵州省闪电定位系统资料的"小幅值地闪"干扰区间为-10~2k A,该结论为贵州省闪电资料修正提供理论依据,在使用ADTD闪电定位资料时可先将此区间误差数据剔除。该研究为利用闪电定位资料确定雷电灾害风险区划提供重要参考。     

A Parallel Computation Tool to Enable Dynamic Sensitivity and Model Performance Analysis of APEX: Evapotranspiration Modeling

Global sensitivity analysis can be used for assessing the relative importance of model parameters on model outputs. The sensitivity of parameters usually indicates a temporal variation due to variation in the environmental conditions (e.g., variation in weather or plant growth). In addition, the size of averaging window by which the outputs of a model are aggregated or averaged may impact parameter sensitivities. In this study, temporal variation of parameters sensitives, model performance, as well as the impact of the size of time‐averaging window on evapotranspiration (ET) prediction using the Agricultural Policy/Environmental eXtender (APEX) model are investigated. To achieve these goals, an open‐source package named PARAPEX was developed in R and used to perform dynamic sensitivity and model performance analysis of APEX using parallel computation. PARAPEX reduced the computation time from 5,939 to 379 s (using 20 and 1 computation nodes, respectively). The sensitivity analysis results indicated the parameters accounting for the reducing effect of plant cover on evaporation from the soil surface, the effect of soil on the plant root growth, and the effect of cycling and transformation dynamics of organic matter at the top soil layer as the top sensitive parameters based on the mean daily simulated ET and the Nash–Sutcliffe model performance measure. The dynamic performance analysis indicated poor ET predictions by APEX during the growing seasons. Editor's note : This paper is part of the featured series on Optimizing Ogallala Aquifer Water Use to Sustain Food Systems. See the February 2019 issue for the introduction and background to the series.     

影响污染源监测数据质量因素分析

阐述了环境监测中，影响污染源监测数据质量的因素主要可归纳为取样、流量、分析3个方面。     

关于新疆地震科技档案管理的思考

本文分析了新疆地震科技档案管理的现状;面对国家地震局"十五"计划中,地震观测记录全面实现数字化的要求,针对地震科技档案管理、利用中存在的问题,提出了改进地震科技档案管理的建议,特别强调了对数字化地震台网产生的数据记录光盘等电子载体的科学管理。     

北京市实时尾气数据收集的探索与实践

介绍了在利用OEM技术采集北京市道路实时机动车排放数据的过程中总结出的实验方法，以及如何对收集到的尾气数据进行筛选，去冗和分析的过程。同时，对实验中可能会面临的一些问题作了说明并提供了解决途径，最后以数据实例给出了单车排放因子及分布规律。     

Comparison of epidemiology and injury profile between vulnerable road users and motor vehicle occupants in road traffic fatalities

Objective: Road traffic injuries (RTIs) are a major global health issue causing a global burden of mortality and morbidity. Half of all fatalities on the world’s roads are vulnerable road users (VRUs). The targeted intervention strategies based on fatality analysis focusing on VRUs can effectively contribute to reducing RTIs. This study aimed to compare VRUs and motor vehicle occupants (MVOs) in terms of epidemiology and injury profile.

Methods: We utilized a nationwide, prospective database of RTI-related mortality cases for patients who visited 23 emergency departments between January 2011 and December 2015. All fatalities due to RTIs in the prehospital phase or in-hospital were eligible, excluding patients with unknown mode of transport and those admitted to general wards. The primary and secondary outcomes were fracture injuries and visceral injuries diagnosed using the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10). We compared fracture injuries between VRUs and MVOs using Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) 2? and 2+ classification.

Results: Among a total 3,694 road traffic fatalities (RTFs), 43.3% were pedestrians, followed by MVOs (27.0%), motorcyclists (18.9), bicyclists (6.6%), and agricultural vehicle users (4.2%). The elderly (>60 years old) accounted for 54.9% of VRU fatalities. RTFs occurred most frequently in the autumn and the VRU group and the MVO group showed significant differences in weekly and diurnal variation in RTFs. The injury severities (AIS 2+) of the head, neck, and thorax were significantly different between the 2 groups (P?Conclusions: Elderly pedestrians should be targeted for decreases in RTFs, and road traffic safety interventions for VRUs should be made based on the analysis of temporal epidemiology and injury profiles of RTFs.